Digital Transformation and Substantive Innovation in High-Tech SMEs: Evidence from China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65514/vw87vw64Keywords:
Digital Transformation, Substantive Innovation, High-Tech SMEs, Government Subsidies, Equity IncentivesAbstract
Due to digital transformation, SMEs (SMEs)in the high-tech industry confront both possibilities and constraints. These businesses usually have constraints with regard to both personnel and financial resources. Considering the moderating influence of equitable incentives and government subsidies, This study investigates how substantive innovation and digital transformation relate to SMEs. The study's findings, which were based on panel data from Chinese companies listed on the Science and Technology Innovation Board from 2019 to 2022, show that digital transformation greatly improves substantive innovation in addition to fostering strategic innovation. Government subsidies improve the inventive effect of digitization and positively attenuate this relationship by easing financial stress. Conversely, equity incentives act as alternatives to digital transformation and have a moderating effect. Our findings add to the corpus of knowledge by clarifying how digitalization drives different forms of creativity in resource-constrained enterprises. Furthermore, For managers and policymakers looking to boost innovation outputs in competitive and dynamic marketplaces and speed up the digitization of SMEs, this study has practical consequences.
References
1.Berman, S. J. (2012). Digital transformation: opportunities to create new business models. Strategy & leadership,40(2), 16-24.https://doi.org/10.1108/10878571211209314
2.O'Hea, K. (2011). Digital capability: how to understand, measure, improve and get value from it. IVI Executive Briefing Series.https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/6396/
3.Singh, A., & Hess, T. (2020). How chief digital officers promote the digital transformation of their companies. In Galliers, R.D.& Leidner, D.E.& Simeonova, B. (Eds.),Strategic information management (pp. 202-220). Routledge.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429286797
4.Vial, G. (2021). Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda.In Hinterhuber, A.& Vescovi, T.& Checchinato, F. (Eds.), Managing digital transformation: understanding the strategic process (pp.13-66).Routledge.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003008637
5.Bharadwaj, A. S. (2000). A resource-based perspective on information technology capability and firm performance: an empirical investigation.MIS quarterly, 24(1),169-196.https://doi.org/10.2307/3250983
6.Warner, K. S., & Wäger, M. (2019). Building dynamic capabilities for digital transformation: An ongoing process of strategic renewal. Long range planning,52(3), 326-349.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.12.001
7.Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic management journal,18(7), 509-533.https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
8.Gökalp, E., & Martinez, V. (2022). Digital transformation maturity assessment: development of the digital transformation capability maturity model.International Journal of Production Research,60(20), 6282-6302.https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2021.1991020
9.Davenport, T. H. (1993).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard business press.https://www.kiphub.com/paper/623d88a0ef25c15d1e1524e7
10.Halpern, N.,Mwesiumo, D.,SuauSanchez, P.,Budd, T.& Svein B.(2021).Ready for digital transformation? The effect of organisational readiness, innovation, airport size and ownership on digital change at airports.Journal of Air Transport Management,90,101949-101949.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101949
11.Pettersson, F., Siljebo, J., Ferry, M., & Wolming, S. (2023). Development and validation of the digital transformation scale: A questionnaire for measuring digitalization as sociocultural change in educational contexts.Available at SSRN 4455906:https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4455906
12.Bertschek, I., Ohnemus, J. & Viete, S. (2018). The ZEW ICT Survey 2002 to 2015: Measuring the Digital Transformation in German Firms. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 238(1), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2016-1005
13.Kaiser Tamás & Gadár László.(2023).Survey data on the attitudes towards digital technologies and the way of managing e-governmental tasks.Data in brief,46,108871-108871.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DIB.2022.108871.
14.Wamba, S. F., Akter, S., Edwards, A., Chopin, G., & Gnanzou, D. (2015). How ‘big data’can make big impact: Findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study.International journal of production economics,165, 234-246.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.12.031.
15.Warner, K. S., & Wäger, M. (2019). Building dynamic capabilities for digital transformation: An ongoing process of strategic renewal. Long range planning,52(3), 326-349.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.12.001
16.Feroz, A.K., Zo, H.,& Chiravuri, A.(2021).Digital transformation and environmental sustainability: A review and research agenda.Sustainability,13(3), 1530.https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031530
17.Schumpeter, J.A. (1976). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy.Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203202050
18.Varadarajan, R. (2018). Innovation, innovation strategy, and strategic innovation. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1548-643520180000015007
19.Drejer, A. (2006). Strategic innovation: a new perspective on strategic management. Handbook of business strategy, 7(1), 143-147.https://portal.sclib.cn/interlibSSO/goto/11/+cnh9nqf/10.1108/10775730610618756
20.Granados, C., Ayala, Y., & Ramos-Mejia, M. (2024). Is it substantive or just symbolic? Understanding innovation theater in organisations: The case of technology-based innovation. Technovation, 129, 102880.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102880
21.Trajtenberg, M. (1990). A penny for your quotes: patent citations and the value of innovations.The Rand journal of economics, 21(1),172-187.https://doi.org/10.2307/2555502
22.Griliches, Z. (1998). Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey. In Zvi G.(Eds.) ,R&D and productivity: the econometric evidence(pp. 287-343). University of Chicago Press.https://doi.org/10.3386/w3301
23.Hall, B. H. , Jaffe, A. B. , & Trajtenberg, M. (2000). Market value and patent citations: a first look.NBER working papers, 16-38.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-3550-0
24.Khan, B. Z. (2015). Inventing prizes: a historical perspective on innovation awards and technology policy.Business History Review,89(4), 631-660.hppts://doi.org/10.2307/43896955
25.Van Ark, B., Hao, J. X., Corrado, C., & Hulten, C. (2009). Measuring intangible capital and its contribution to economic growth in Europe.EIB papers,14(1), 62-93.https://hdl.handle.net/10419/44905
26.Fernandez-Vidal, J., Gonzalez, R., Gasco, J., & Llopis, J. (2022). Digitalization and corporate transformation: The case of European oil & gas firms.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,174, 121293.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121293
27.Lyytinen, K., Yoo, Y., & Boland Jr, R. J. (2016). Digital product innovation within four classes of innovation networks.Information systems journal,26(1), 47-75.https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12093.
28.Li, L., Zhu, W., Wei, L., & Yang, S. (2022). How can digital collaboration capability boost service innovation? Evidence from the information technology industry.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,182,121830.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2022.121830.
29.Tohãnean, D., Buzatu, A. I., Baba, C. A., & Georgescu, B. (2020). Business model innovation through the use of digital technologies: Managing risks and creating sustainability.Amfiteatru Economic,22(55), 758-774.https://doi.org/10.24818/ea/2020/55/758.
30.Karhade, P.P.,Dong & John Qi.(2021) Information technology investment and commercialized innovation performance: Dynamic adjustment costs and curvilinear impacts. Mis Quarterly,45(3): 1007-1024.https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2021/14368
31.Švarc, J., Lažnjak, J., & Dabić, M. (2021). The role of national intellectual capital in the digital transformation of EU countries. Another digital divide?Journal of Intellectual Capital,22(4), 768-791.https://doi.org/10.1108/jic-02-2020-0024
32.Cha, K.J.,Hwang, T.& Gregor, S.(2015).An integrative model of IT-enabled organizational transformation A multiple case study.Management decision,53(8),1755-1770.https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2014-0550
33.Probir Kumar Banerjee & Louis C. Ma.(2012).Routinisation of B2B E-commerce by small firms: A process perspective.Information Systems Frontiers,14(5),1033-1046.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-011-9329-6
34.Chandavarkar, N. D., & Nethravathi, P. S. (2023). Analysis of Challenges faced during Adoption of ICT by Small and Medium Enterprises in India. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences, 8(2), 1-21.https://doi.org/10.47992/ijmts.2581.6012.0267.
35.Hitt, M. A., Keats, B. W., & DeMarie, S. M. (1998). Navigating in the new competitive landscape: Building strategic flexibility and competitive advantage in the 21st century.Academy of Management Perspectives,12(4), 22-42.https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1998.1333922
36.Teece, D. J. (2010). Technological innovation and the theory of the firm: the role of enterprise-level knowledge, complementarities, and (dynamic) capabilities. In Handbook of the Economics of Innovation (Vol. 1, pp. 679-730). North-Holland.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7218(10)01016-6
37.Carlson, S. (1974). International transmission of information and the business firm. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,412(1), 55-63.https://doi.org/10.2307/1040399
38.Thrassou, A.,Uzunboylu, N.,Vrontis, D. &Christofi Michael.(2020).Digitalization of SMEs: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges.Palgrave Studies of Cross-Disciplinary Business Research, in Association with EuroMed Academy of Business,179-200.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45835-5_9.
39.Opoku, E., Okafor, M., Williams, M., Aribigbola, A.,&Olaleye, A. (2024). Enhancing small and medium-sized businesses through digitalization. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews,23(2), 222.https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.2.2313
40.Ramdani, B., Raja, S., & Kayumova, M. (2022). Digital innovation in SMEs: a systematic review, synthesis and research agenda. Information Technology for Development,28(1), 56-80.https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2021.1893148
41.Li, J., Ren, H., Zhang, C., Li, Q., & Duan, K. (2020). Substantive innovation or strategic innovation? Research on multiplayer stochastic evolutionary game model and simulation. Complexity,2020(1), 9640412.https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9640412
42.Wang, L. (2025). Research on the enhancement mechanism of big data-driven government innovation subsidy policy on the multi-level financing model of science and technology-based enterprises. Applied Mathematics & Nonlinear Sciences,10(1).https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2025-0076
43.Yu, X., & Zhang, B. (2021). Innovation strategy of cultivating innovative enterprise talents for young entrepreneurs under higher education. Frontiers in Psychology,12, 693576.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693576
44.Krishnan, T. N., & Scullion, H. (2017). Talent management and dynamic view of talent in small and medium enterprises. Human Resource Management Review, 27(3), 431-441.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.10.003
45.Ho, Y. P., Ruan, Y., Hang, C. C., & Wong, P. K. (2016). Technology upgrading of small-and-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through a manpower secondment strategy–A mixed-methods study of Singapore's T-Up program. Technovation,57,21-29.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2016.07.001.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Contemporary Economics and Management

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
